General issues in scaling indiana university bloomington. To construct the scale, the researcher selects a number of statements usually about 20 which cover all the possible attitudes towards the topic of the survey. Appearing interval scale 1928 as described by allport 1935 1. The thurstone scale is made up of statements about a particular issue and each statement has a numerical value indicating the repsondents attitude about the issue, either favorable or unfavorable. Dec, 2015 it is the first formal method designed to measure attitude. This kind of scale is used to measure peoples attitude towards a fairly clear and unidimensional concept, using a number of statements that vary in how they. Applying the order statistics ml with the normal distribution to the ranks data with an added covariate, we obtain the coefficients of the aggregate, and use them to produce the scale levels and probabilities of the items choice dependent on a covariate. Thurstone scaling in order statistics sciencedirect. Thurstone scale method of equalappearing intervals logframer. It is the first formal method designed to measure attitude. Thurstones equal appearing interval scale and likert summated rating scale are the two scales that are often used to measure different psychological object, especially subjects attitude.
Many school districts face the problem of evaluating new programs to train students in ethics and moral decision making. On the assumption that any attitude involves a continuum ranging from the strongest possible appreciation of a value at one extreme to the strongest possible depreciation of that value at the other, thurstone devised a scaling procedure which. The method of equalappearing intervals or the thurstone scale is used to measure attitudes of people. Table 2 contains the results of thurstone estimations in different approaches to the flavours positioning on the psychological continuum. Get a set of judges to rate the statements in terms of how much they agree with them, from 1 agree least to 11 agree most. The method of equal interval scaling is another of his methods. Development of thurstone equal appearing interval scales for job performance dimensions the principal output of a multidimensional scaling analysis is a matrix of the scale values projections of each stimulus on. These pilot scales were also administered along with a social desirability response scale to ensure that students did not respond to scale items in a socially desirable manner. Thurstone, as the thurstone technique of attitude measurement. Thurstone scale is defined as a unidimensional scale that is used to track respondents behavior, attitude or feeling towards a subject only with the use of agree or disagree questions. Moreover, the empirical and clinical potential of thurstone scaling substantially exceeds that of likert and other rating methods. The thurstone model yields an interval scale of probability for comparative preferences, that is an ordinal, relative scale of the items priority. Simplified successive intervals scaling can be used with any number of stimuli and is as easy to apply as the method of equal appearing intervals.
Metode intervaltampak setara method of equalappearing interval kuliah 02konstruksi alat ukur aries yulianto skala psikologi skala dalam pengukuran psikologi. The first three numeric columns in table 2 present the values of the regular thurstone scaling evaluated by the paired preferences derived from the ranked data. Pdf the development of a thurstone scale for identifying. A research study to create the thurstone scale is described. Samian apabila skala yang kita susun menggunakan model likert maka data yang akan kita peroleh berjenis ordinal, namun apabila kita menghendaki jenis data satu tingkat lebih tinggi atau data interval maka kita dapat menggunakan skala thurstone atau sering juga disebut metode equal appearing interval. Paper open access the development of a thurstone scale for. Implications for use of the scale, limitations of the scale, and directions for future research round out the paper. They are similar in that they each measure the concept of interest on a number line. Mueller 9 states that thurstone has three scale techniques, but the one used in this study is the method of equal appearing intervals.
Thurstone 1959 provides a viable solution for this problem. Also learn more about administering and the analysis of the the scale along with its characteristics. In psychology and sociology, the thurstone scale was the first formal technique to measure an attitude. Thurstone scale was the first formal technique to measure an attitude. Thurstone scale was designed by psychologist robert thurstone in an attempt to equate interval scale of measurement with the attitude scale and introduce a scale with statements appearing at equal intervals. However, simplified successive intervals scaling does not assume, as does the method of equal appearing intervals, that rating categories or intervals are of equal width.
The use of the thurstone equalappearing interval scaling method is discussed. This framework of distinguishing levels of measurement originated in psychology and is widely. How school districts could use this type of scaling to measure attitudes specific to the design of character education programs is discussed. The full text of this article hosted at is unavailable due to technical difficulties.
The method of equal appearing intervals or the thurstone scale is used to measure attitudes of people. He actually invented three different methods for developing a unidimensional scale. To illustrate thurstones approach, ill show you the easiest method of the three to implement, the method of equalappearing intervals. Although there are technically three scales, when people refer to the thurstone scale theyre usually talking about the method of equal appearing intervals.
Steps involved in creating a scale using thurstones equal. The thurstone scale is built upon the fundamentals of the likert scale, but this method of constructing an attitude scale not only takes value of each item of into consideration while evaluating the final attitude score but also caters. It was developed by louis leon thurstone in 1928, as a means of measuring attitudes towards religion. Optimal scaling correspondence analysis goodman rc models. For distinction here made between opinion and attitude see thurstone, l. The method of equal appearing intervals developed by l. Thurstone scaling, also known as the method of equal.
As one of the leading scaling theorists of the times, thurstone actually came up with 3 different scales, but when we say thurstone scale, in most cases we mean the method of equal appearing intervals, which is why the scale is often referred to as the equal appearing interval scale. There are three methods for collecting data from the judges. Paper open access the development of a thurstone scale. Semantic differential scale dlm penentuan skor pernyataan scaling, dibedakan menjadi 2. With the method of equalappearing intervals, the final scale should have statements that cover the range of favorable to unfavorable. The purpose of the present experiment was partly to ascertain whether fechners law holds for a certain kind of stimulus but primarily to bring out certain limitations of the method of equalappearing intervals and the ways in which some of them may be overcome. This scale was developed by robert thurstone to approximate measurement in equal appearing interval levels. In a ratio scale we can always compare to 0, so 20 years is twice as old as 10 years, whereas on a interval scale 20 is not twice as hot as 10. A thorough thurstone scaling by a covariate can reveal a more complicated behaviour of the preferences dependence on another variable. Guttman scale meaning guttman scale definition guttman scale explanation. Thurstone scale, likert scale and semantic differential. Simplified successive intervals scaling can be used with any number of stimuli and is as easy to apply as the method of equalappearing intervals. Thurstone was one of the first and most productive scaling theorists.
The thurstone scale interval continuum used is 1 11. The scale used in the instrument is the thurstone scale. Logframer allows you to use a thurstone scale to measure an indicator, but developing such a scale is not so simple. Intuitive interval scales bogardussocial distance scale.
However, simplified successive intervals scaling does not assume, as does the method of equalappearing intervals. People indicate which of the statements with which they agree and the average response is computed. Assessment of social skills using a thurstone equalappearing. Fechners law and the method of equalappearing intervals louis l. Thurstone makes a measuring instrument with an interval scale, so each item has a different score. Psychologist stanley smith stevens developed the bestknown classification with four levels, or scales, of measurement. The development of a thurstone scale for identifying desirable police officer traits article pdf available in journal of police and criminal psychology 221.
Measuring severity of internet abuse in the workplace. Thurstone s method of pair comparisons can be considered a prototype of a normal distributionbased method for scalingdominance matrices. The scale discrimination technique, which combines the advantages of thurstones equal appearing scale. There are the scale normalized to 01 interval, the probability corresponding to the found. Learn more about the steps to implement the thurstone scale survey questions with examples. Using conventional personality tests in program evaluation may be helpful, but probably will not provide measures for the attitudes that are targeted by the intervention. Thurstone and chave 1929 it is the earliest technique of attitude measurement. One of the bestknown attitude scales is the equal appearing interval scale developed by thurstone.
The three methods are thurstone or equalappearing interval scaling, likert or summative scaling, and guttman or cumulative scaling. Thurstone scaling sauser major reference works wiley. Items selected for thurstone scale on dimension 1, electrocomprehension 21 s scale and q semiinterquartile range values of. Thurstone scale method of equalappearing intervals. The thurstone derived scale was slightly more reliable than its likert counterpart. This paper considers an extension of the scale levels to the aggregates of the independent.
The use of the thurstone equal appearing interval scaling method is discussed. The development of linear scaling was a goal of thurstone and the method of paired comparisons was one of the techniques he used. The present study compared the reliability of likert and thurstone equalappearing interval scales. It is made up of statements about a particular issue, and each statement has a numerical value indicating how favorable or unfavorable it is judged to be. Collect a wide variety of opinions relating to it from newspapers, books, or individuals 3. According to thurstone and chave7, the 22 statements having smaller q value and higher scale value were retained in the.
The three methods are thurstone or equalappearing interval scaling, likert or summative. Even though the theory behind this method is quite complex thurstone, 1927a, the algorithm itself is straightforward. Apr 07, 20 psychology definition of method of equal appearing intervals. Psychology definition of method of equalappearing intervals. The classi cation of measurement scales is discussed by stevens 10. Its called equal appearing intervals because when you choose the items for your test see step 6 below, youre picking items equally spaced apart. In this paper in described the construction of an attitude scale by the method of equal appearing intervals. But they differ considerably in how they arrive at scale values for different items.
A thurstone scale has a number of statements to which the respondent is asked to agree or disagree. The scale is intended to provide interval measurement of the attitudes of the respondents, but this presupposes that the items in the scale are measured at the interval level equal appearing, a questionable assumption given the way in which the final scalevalue of each item is derived. Introduction it is also known as thrustone scale or equal appearing interval scales. Assessment of social skills using a thurstone equal.
How to use a thurstone scale survey to measure attitudes. Level of measurement or scale of measure is a classification that describes the nature of information within the values assigned to variables. Respondents to the scale endorse just those items with which they agree, and an individual respondents score is calculated as the mean or occasionally median of the items endorsed, such scores being assumed to lie on an interval scale of measurement. There are three types of scale that thurstone described. The present study compared the reliability of likert and thurstone equal appearing interval scales. To illustrate thurstone s approach, ill show you the easiest method of the three to implement, the method of equal appearing intervals.
Assemble on cards approximately one hundred such typical opinions. The three methods differed in how the scale values for items were constructed, but in all three cases, the resulting scale was rated the same way by respondents. Download pdf show page numbers thurstone scaling is a covering term representing a series of three techniques developed by psychometrician louis l. It is made up of statements about the particular issues. General issues in scaling research methods knowledge base. Document resume ed 426 085 thurstones method of equal. Thurstone scaling in order statistics stan lipovetsky. Jan 30, 2010 thurstone scaling, also known as the method of equal.
Thurstone 1928 for constructing quantitative unidimensional attitude measurement instruments. The thurstonederived scale was slightly more reliable than its likert counterpart. The final form of the thurstone equalappearing interval scale typically contains approximately 2022 statements that are relatively equal in scale value with interquartile ranges as small as practical. For each statement, plot a histogram of the numbers against which the different judges scored it. The three methods differed in how the scale values for items were. After the scale positions of the stimuli have been determined, the stimuli are presented to research subjects or respondents whose attitudes are then measured. Steps involved in creating a scale using thurstones equal appearing intervals from psyc 421 at liberty university. It is also known as method of equal appearing interval.